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The study is based on a "before and after" survey of container train capacity provision and load factors, with the "before" survey taking place in 2007 and the "after" survey in 2012.
The analysis of quantitative data was based on a "before and after" evaluation.
The analysis of quantitative data was based on a "before and after" evaluation and qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.
This study, in keeping with many in the service delivery/quality improvement literature, is based on a before and after design.
Our use of data derived from the two-phase mass screening as a historical control renders the results more conservative than those based on a before and after study design because the effects of declining incidence have been taken into account.
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The team's paper states that MACH led to a significant improvement in social interaction, based on a before-and-after evaluation of subjects by a professional career counsellor.
Cost benefit studies based on a before-and-after comparison were not able to consider the impact of treatment on mortality of opiate-dependent subjects.
The developed finite element model includes the 3D geometry of the vault within the geometry of the tower, based on a before-quake survey.
Based on a before-after comparative research design with general additive models (GAM), we evaluated the effects of Beijing's driving restriction policy on air pollution and public health.
The study is based on a before-after estimation that compares the GDP per capita in the country.
Using data obtained during a clinical trial, this cohort study compares costs in relation to effects for the same patients, based on a before-and-after evaluative design.
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