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The reported 2D-fluoroscopic based navigation procedure is a promising universal approach for several proximal femur nails due to the independence of different manufacturers and specific implant designs.
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Independent of the used procedure, the overall operating time (group I: 584 ± 99.2 sec; group II: 662 ± 64.9 sec; p=0.06) and accuracy of the final nail-positions were equivalent, but the radiation exposure was significantly reduced (92% reduction in fluoroscopic images and 91% reduction in fluoroscopic time, p< 0.01), using the 2D fluoroscopic based navigation procedure.
In all cases wherein the navigation procedure was slightly inaccurate, identification of the SNs was enabled by a manual correction based on fluorescence imaging.
After calibration of instruments and verification of their position in relation to the anatomic object, the navigation procedure was started.
One drawback of most navigation procedures is the prolonged operating time, leading to minor acceptance of most surgeons.
Furthermore the experience of the surgeon in pelvic surgery and in navigation procedures is an important factor, which may further influence these parameters.
Recently, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional fluoroscopic navigation procedures were introduced for acetabular fracture surgery.
Optic flow based navigation is a fundamental way of visual course control described in many different species including man.
Inertial navigation system (INS /celestial navigation system (CNS) based navigation system has been used widely on the lunar rovers.
Phone based navigation systems can be distracting to use.
The aim of this study was the evaluation of potential benefits of 2D-fluoroscopic based navigation focused on the reduction of radiation exposure, a decrease of procedure time, as well as an increase of accuracy for Gamma3 nail insertions.
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