For our analysis, we investigated size- and shape-based measures to study low- and high-level features of the CC and how they are associated with karyotype.
A study using only diagnoses based measures to identify congestive heart failure, hypertension, or depression will underestimate these diagnoses, while a study using only RxRisk-V will underestimate renal disease/failure, dementia, and alcohol abuse.
A review of accelerometry based measures in stroke included 25 studies [ 15].
In this study, performance based measures of pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC) changed minimally (<1.5%) following OMT techniques.
The major limitation of these studies using subjectively based measures as a key risk factor is the inconsistent terms used to describe ground hardness.
None of these studies used individually based measures of exposure, and modeled exposures may have large errors that attenuate effects (Molitor et al. 2006).
A number of these are ecologic studies using geographical area based measures as SES indicators (comparing richer with poorer areas).
We recommend the inclusion of at least one preference based measure in future clinical studies.
In studies where no preference based measures are collected, indirect methods have been developed to estimate utilities from clinical instruments.
In some studies robustness based measures were proposed for model selection [ 17, 18].
The SEP risk factors with the most consistent association across studies were asset based measures (e.g. composite measures); education; measures of financial difficulty and subjective measures of financial circumstance.
