Sentence examples similar to based measures have been from inspiring English sources

IC-based measures have been found to perform better than pure graph-based measures [ 2, 3].

It is remarkable that, even though citation-based measures have been used to quantify research impact since almost sixty years [3], a complete theory of citations is still missing.

A number of centrality-based measures have been proposed in the network literature, such as degree centrality, centrality beyond nearest neighbors (e.g., Katz centrality, eigenvector centrality, subgraph centrality, PageRank centrality, and vibrational centrality), closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and information centrality; see Estrada (2012) for details.

A variety of entropy-based measures have been used to characterize networks associated with biological or chemical systems [5], [6]; a recent application in computational biology uses an entropy measure to analyze metabolic networks [7], [8].

Several correlation-based measures have been proposed in [ 4, 34, 35].

To suggest that such a view is unfounded, it may be noted that broad-based measures have been recently applied in assessing compliance with the aforementioned restrictive guidelines.

In order to understand the impact of visual impairment on the ability of individuals to function, performance-based measures have been developed [ 16– 18, 33– 33].

Preference-based measures have been derived from the QLQ-C30 enabling the QLQ-C30 to be directly used to estimate QALYs [ 20, 21].

Census-based measures have been reported to provide valid information that can be used in health research without being invalidated by concerns regarding ecological fallacy [ 5, 10].

This form of information bias, the ecological fallacy, is inherent in area-based measures of socio-economic circumstances, but where both individuals and area-based measures have been available, results have been consistent (Davey Smith et al, 1998).

While our use of census data to derive an area measure of SES may not completely reflect data at the individual level, area-based measures have been suggested to capture elements of the socioeconomic environment that may not be obtainable by individual-level data [ 37].