Sentence examples for based markers have been from inspiring English sources

Recently, expressed sequence tag (EST)–based markers have been used increasingly in studies of genetic diversity and population structure in tree species (e.g., Fageria and Rajora, 2013).

Thus, together with 24 microsatellites located in different BAC clones and used for screening the BAC library, a total of 86 BAC based markers have been anchored on the linkage map with at least one on each LG.

In recent years, expressed sequence tag (EST)–based markers have been increasingly used in studies of genetic variation because large numbers of polymorphic markers can be developed with relative ease using EST data and markers of this type are less susceptible to null alleles than are anonymous simple sequence repeats (SSRs).

Polymerase chain reaction-based markers have been widely used in the construction of genetic linkage maps for B. oleracea [ 13, 14], B. nigra [ 15], B. juncea [ 16], and B. napus [ 17, 18].

Several sequence-based markers have been developed for switchgrass.

Tissue-based markers have been investigated for potential prognostic and predictive value.

In contrast, in the closely related diploid species, barley, numerous gene-based markers have been developed.

Tissue-based markers have been proposed as possible prognostic markers and predictors of response to treatment.

To date, no gene-based markers have been identified in date palm.

But thus far miRNA-based markers have been only developed in rice and tobacco.

Recently, a significant number of tissue-based markers have been studied in relation to prognosis (survival and tumour recurrence).