The advent of molecular biology techniques has provided DNA - based markers for detection of genetic polymorphism in the plant germplasm and also those arise de novo due to mutation and somaclonal variation.
In the present study, 14 genic markers were found either as QTL locus or closely linked with the QTL of ten traits studied, thus providing simple PCR based markers for MAS of these traits (Table 3; Figure 1).
Several other studies have targeted mitochondrial DNA based markers for species identification in environmental samples32,33,34 instead of using single copy nuclear genes.
Fine mapping and cloning the genes for Bakanae disease resistance can not only help in developing gene based markers for use in future rice breeding but also in understanding resistance mechanisms and aid in precise selection through marker-assisted selection for development of Bakanae disease resistant cultivars.
However, the reads mapped to respective genes showing homoeologous changes can be easily used to generate SNP based markers for genotyping studies, provided those changes are conserved in different cultivars.
Over the past decades, an increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated applications of microRNAs (miRNAs) as tissue based markers for classification and prognosis of several human cancers, including breast cancer [ 137, 138].
The term "key event" has been defined as an empirically observable precursor step that is itself a necessary element of the MOA, or a biologically based marker for such an element (Sonich-Mullin et al., 2001).
A "key event" is an empirically observable precursor step that is itself a necessary element of the MOA or is a biologically based marker for such an element.
The MOA is defined as a sequential series of key events, with a key event being defined as an empirically observable and quantifiable precursor step that is a necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) element of the MOA or is a biologically based marker for such an element.
EPA defines a key event as "an empirically observable and quantifiable precursor step that is itself a necessary element of the mode of action or is a biologically based marker for such an element".
The term "Key Event" has been defined in the field of chemical risk assessment as an empirically observable precursor step that is itself a necessary element of a chemical's mode-of-action, or a biologically based marker for such an element (Sonich-Mullin et al., 2001).
