Findings from a previous school based intervention suggested that communication with teachers about HIV and sex in Dar es Salaam was associated with delayed self-reported sexual initiation among adolescents after adjusting for potential confounding factors [ 41].
Recently, reviews of couple-based interventions suggest that these have the potential to be as, if not more, efficacious than patient-only interventions in optimising patient adjustment and are more efficacious than usual care in enhancing partners' adjustment [ 29].
This suggests that gender based interventions, while successful with some populations in different cultural or socioeconomic settings, may not be the most effective approach with homeless youth.
Also, fewer interventions exist for physical and emotional abuse in school settings (Macmillan et al. 2009); these data suggest that school based interventions for prevention of these exposures may reach many children.
Others argue that recent trials demonstrating no effect of HSV suppressive therapy on HIV acquisition and transmission [6] [8] suggest that HSV-2 based interventions will have little to no effect on HIV epidemic [9].
These findings suggest that pedometer based interventions in combination with behavioural strategies are effective in PA behaviour change (short-term) to motivate and track progress of their steps.
Previous research [ 31] suggests that family based interventions need to accommodate the complex demands of two parent and single parent families and be affordable and varied enough to appeal to a wide range of interests and various ages and development stages of diverse ages of children in the same family.
15 In a more recent systematic review and meta-analysis, evidence from 34 randomised controlled trials suggested that both school based interventions and those in other settings were effective in reducing time spent in sedentary behaviour and consequently in reducing mean body mass index.
Our results suggest that questionnaire based approaches to OL identification lead to information that is almost unusable in the context of designing a theoretically-informed behaviour change intervention.
This suggests that reductions in perinatal mortality would require community based interventions in combination with other clinical care intervention packages that would require more advanced facilities, technology, and skilled human resources.
