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Population specific preference based instruments have been designed to be utilised with a single population group e.g. children or older people.
Preference based instruments have been used in literature, but never in the context of IPD MA (for a discussion on preference based instruments see [ 23- 25]).
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An FPGA based instrument has been developed for this measurement application and experiments were conducted in our laboratory.
Herein, a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer based instrument has been home-made to study the generation, distribution, and reaction of nano-sized neutral metal oxide clusters.
As a result, ground- or space-based instruments have been employed to gain a better understanding of the ionosphere.
Several simulation-based instruments have been developed within general surgery and surgical subspecialties.
Although these market-based instruments have been advocated by European academics for almost a decade, they are actually integrated into policy only in a number of countries or regions.
A number of generic, condition-specific and older-person-specific preference and non-preference-based instruments have been used to capture quality of life in older people [ 5, 15].
Finally, school based screening and assessment instruments have been used successfully elsewhere [ 46, 47] and we found this mechanism useful for early identification of adolescents who may require therapeutic intervention.
Based on this standpoint, behavioral-based pain observation instruments have been developed.
Few satisfaction instruments have been developed in a rigorous manner based on patient concerns [ 9, 10].
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