Increasingly, we learn of problematic behavior in science based industries, such as the pharmaceutical industry.
As a result of declines in resource based industries such as timber and fisheries, these remote communities have been struggling to maintain economic stability and provide employment opportunities for youth.
Wildlife based industries such as tourism, sport hunting and trade in wild animal products have been shown to be a major foreign currency earner in eastern and southern African countries, contributing significantly to the national economy and providing jobs for a large number of people.
The three top places in the list were taken by foreign-born magnates with a base in Britain who earned their fortunes from resource-based industries such as minerals, steel and oil.
Attempts have been made to curtail log exports from the region and to substitute wood-based industries, such as the manufacture of plywood and furniture.
"The idea of population as an asset rather than a burden has especially gained currency with the rise of knowledge-based industries such as I.T., telecommunications and biotechnology in the 1970s," Mr. Nilekani observes.
As project-based industries such as Architecture, Engineering and Construction globalize, workers require strategies for managing conflict in virtual project networks.
These "explainers" are particularly important in evidence-based industries, such as law and medicine, where a practitioner needs to understand how an AI weighed inputs into, say, a sentencing or medical recommendation.
In industry, water is an important part of many processes, and understanding of its properties is often necessary for design and optimization, particularly in fluids-based industries, such as chemical processing.
The profound uncertainties of life-science-based industries such as biotech have forced these nations to confront a new logic of industry development, one in which past strategies of picking and making winners have given way to a new strategy of throwing resources at what remain very long shots.
As for the shipping of goods, rather than financial services, some fear that a large and inefficient post office, fat with subsidies, might move into other delivery-based industries such as logistics, to the detriment of unsubsidised rivals.Some measure of subsidy is sure to be retained to keep less well patronised rural post offices in business.
