The first possible explanation is the presence of genetically based differences between the groups of chickens in handling and processing of bacterial antigens by the immune system [19].
The same areas would, however, work more or less in terms of increased or decreased neural firing rates to accommodate experience based differences between skilled and non-skilled recognition.
It seems very unlikely that there are biologically based differences between the ethnic groups, which confer strong survival differences, independently of stage and treatment.
In a common-garden experiment, different populations are reared at a common environment to remove effects of environmental acclimation and reveal genetically based differences between populations.
Beyond these main objectives, consistent, genetically based differences between the crosses were detected for the following: (i) body morphology and (ii) the incidence of male parr maturity.
This indicates that phenotypic variation observed in American eel is not purely plastic but also involves genetically (and/or epigenetic) based differences between locations.
Knowing that the composition based approaches performed well for the purpose of discriminating coding and non-coding RNAs, we calculated mononucleotide and di-nucleotide composition based differences between the ncRNA classes (Additional file 1: Figure S2 and S3).
RDA1 (229 bp) contained a single base difference between S and C strains.
As a result, let-7a miRNA can be specifically detected down to 51 pM, and the single-base difference between let-7a miRNAs was easily detected.
The detection limit was 0.3 fM (15 zeptomole, 50 μL), nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower than conventional fluorescence based DSN biosensors for miRNA(∼100 fM), even single-base difference between the let-7 family members can be discriminated.
The pairwise base difference between Silene conica and Silene latifolia in intergenic spacers is on average 0.03 (rbcL/accD: 0.037, petA/psbJ: 0.035, psbE/petL: 0.028, rpl20/rps12: 0.022, data from [18]), but the difference in the clpP1 gene is 0.31.
