On the one hand there is the human-rights based approach, which is rooted in systems of economic development and public health, along with the language of social and economic justice.
The concept is to solve all recurring tasks with the help of reusable components and to enable rapid application development by adopting a standards based approach which is readily supported by existing programming tools.
In this paper, we first point out the limitations of the traditional Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) based LAs and then introduce Bayesian estimator based approach, which is demonstrated to be equivalent to Laplace smoothing of the traditional method, to overcome these limitations.
Distance based approach which is based on calculating pair wise distance matrix was computed by calculating a dissimilarity matrix using a shared allele index with DARwin software (Perrier and Jacquemoud-Collet 2006).
In line with most COI studies, in the present study we adopt a prevalence- based approach, which is considerably easier to implement as it simply records the costs accruing due to a disease within a given time span, usually one year.
In contrast to many map based solutions, this paper focuses on optic flow (OF) based approaches which are much more computationally efficient.
The proposed approach shows improvement, for noisy signals, over widely used analytic signal, energy separation, and ZC based approaches (which are based on uniform Nyquist-rate sampling based data-acquisition and processing).
Recently, geometric based approaches, which are only based on the topology of the PPI network, are very promising as those approaches are independent from other prior knowledge except for topology of the PPI network.
