Nitroimidazole-based agents such as misonidazole and nimorazole were found to mimic the effect of oxygen and enhance the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation on hypoxic malignant tumors.
In addition, Hopper-Borge et al. [167] found that MRP7 can also confer resistance to nucleoside-based agents such as the anticancer drugs (Ara-C and gemcitabine) and the antiviral drugs (2′,3′-dideoxycytidine and PMEA) [167].
The potential use of angiogenesis-based agents, such as those involving natural and synthetic inhibitors as anticancer drugs is currently under intense investigation.
Platinum-based agents, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, are toxic to dividing cells due to the formation of DNA adducts that result in double strand breaks, activating DNA damage-mediated apoptotic signals [2].
For example, the WHO integrated vector management plan to control malaria includes the "effective use of biologically-based agents such as bacterial larvicides and larvivorous fish" (HELI 2005).
Of the most effective single or combination chemotherapy agents against HCC, anthracycline-based agents, such as doxorubicin, were notorious for causing cardiotoxicity.
This includes not only drug delivery, but also liposome-derived systems for nucleic acid-based agents, such as antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy constructs.
Extracellular Gd-based agents such as Gd-DTPA distribute to the interstitial space of the fibrotic perilobular septa, causing T1-related positive enhancement.
Most commonly used standard chemotherapeutic agents including gemcitabine, irinotecan, doxorubicin, 5-FU and platinum-based agents such as cisplatin have been shown to synergize with TRAIL (reviewed in Newsom-Davis et al).
For ventilation studies with SPECT several kinds of agents can be used: the inert gas 81mKr, 99mTc-based agents such as the carbon suspension Technegas, or radioaerosols, e.g. 99mTc-DTPA.
