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Such a diagram provides performance comparisons of pin fins with respect to two operating parameters: the heat transfer rate per unit base surface area and the power input for the same area.
The mean base surface area of the brackets was calculated by measuring the length and width with a digital caliper (Digimatic, Mitutoyo Co., Kawasaki, Japan) and computing the area [15].
where S lv,W-h and S ls,W-h represent the liquid-vapor interface area and the liquid-solid interface area, ( {A}_{mathrm{W}hbox mathrm{h}}=pi {R}_{mathrm{W}}^2{ sin}^2{theta}_{mathrm{W}hbox mathrm{h}} ) denotes the projected droplet base surface area, and R W and V W-h are the droplet radii and volume in the Wenzel model, respectively.
where S lv,CB-h and S ls,CB-h refer to the liquid-vapor interface area and the liquid-solid interface area, respectively, ( {A}_{mathrm{CB}hbox mathrm{h}}=pi {R}_{mathrm{CB}}^2{ sin}^2{theta}_{mathrm{CB}hbox mathrm{h}} ) denotes the projected droplet base surface area, and R CB and V CB-h are the droplet radii and volume in the Cassie-Baxter model, respectively.
Assume a stationary spherical cell (radius 5 µm, surface area of 2D image ∼78 µm2) that extends a pseudopod of 5 µm long and 3 µm wide at its base (surface area ∼7.5 µm2).
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Scale-up criteria based on surface area (filter capacity) and flow rate (filtration duration) were employed at different scales.
Most importantly, release may be accurately modeled and predicted based on surface area and therefore particle size using the Higuchi formula thanks to consistent drug loading throughout the silica porous matrix resulting in one consistent phase of release.
Light weight and displacement at several stages are estimated in the mass estimation module based on surface area and hull volume.
Based on surface area measurements and GPC data, the calculated surface density of a representative UDD/polymer brush material is ca. five polymer chains/100 nm2.
A cost function (including costs of the heat exchanger based on surface area and power consumption to overcome pressure drops) is the objective function, which is to be minimized.
Based on surface area values, it can be derived that PO can be used as biotemplate to increase the surface area of the ZnO nanostructures.
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