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Since we found that repetitive elements are strongly associated with weaker LD in conserved regions, we adjusted for the base-pair proportion of repeats as well as GC-content; the latter due to outliers of LD related to extreme GC-content after the repeat adjustment.
We regressed r2 values adjusted by the physical distances with base-pair proportions of each sequence feature within SNP pairs, irrespective of categories of conserved and non-conserved regions.
We used two partial correlation coefficients (R1 and R2) between r2 and the base-pair proportion (p cns ) of conserved regions within SNP pairs, given only physical distance (l); and given both physical distance and the proportion (p feature ) of each of the sequence features, such as GC, gene, or repeat: R1 r, p cns | l), R2 r, p cns | l, p feature ).
These enzymes were selected upon following criterions: (1) predicted fragments length ranged from 200 to 700 base pairs (bp); (2) proportion of target region overlapped with the repetitive elements; (3) number of putative SNPs in dbSNP database v129 (ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/snp/organisms/human_9606/) covered by target region.
For each gene, we used the two D. melanogaster and two D. simulans alleles with the highest allelic coverage per base pair (e.g., the proportion of bases that are not missing data) together with the D. yakuba allele, to estimate d N/d S on the D. melanogaster branch.
The C·T base pair exhibited a greater than normal base pair twist of 54°.
The authors who proposed the measures of robustness with respect to context and robustness with respect to mutations, discussed above, calculated their scores by averaging the proportion of preserved structure and base pair distance to each mutant, respectively.
These results indicate that A/T comprised a significantly larger proportion than G/C of the base pair composition in identified SSR loci.
Firstly, for all pre-miRNAs, we calculated the proportion of nucleotides forming base pairs (bp %) and the proportion of these base pairs that were A-U base pairs ((A-U) %) (Table 2, Additional file 4, see also Additional file 3 for normality test results).
Britton, Sterns and Poggenb subspecies, which cannot be identified based on these plastid sequences alone [ 29].> -wrap-foot> base base pairs; V – number of variable sites; I – number (proportion) of parsimoniously informative variable sites; total – both markers concatenated.
Among a total of 2,240 single-nucleotide substitutions, the A T base pair mutations (45.5%) comprised similar proportions of transitions (A T to G C, 20.4%) and transversions (A T to C G or T A, 25.1%), whereas the G C base pair mutations (54.6%) comprised a higher proportion of transitions (G C to A T, 46.7%) than transversions (G C to C G or T A, 7.9%).
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