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The samples compared in this study are black dyes, black painted surfaces, and nanofluids – with de-ionized water as a base fluid for each.
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These results are opposite to those previously found by Nayak et al. [8, 9], reporting a significant increase in this property compared to the base fluid for water-based Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and TiO2 nanofluids.
In this paper, it is shown that palm oil fatty acid methyl ester is successfully used as a base fluid for a high-performance, oil-based flat rheology drilling fluid.
In brief, the biodiesel possesses basic properties for a base fluid for drilling, particularly for its high flash point, low toxicity, and no fluorescence.
Biodiesel has a potential to serve as a base fluid for drilling fluids, since it possesses all the advantages of conventional esters.
For example, at a Reynolds number of 7240, the percentage increase in the heat transfer coefficient over the base fluid for a 10%Al2O33 nanofluid was 81.74%.
They developed two correlations for the calculations of Nusselt number, indicating a remarkable increase of heat transfer performance over the base fluid for the same Reynolds number.
EG 99+% (Fisher) and deionized water was mixed 50/50 by volume, and was used as the base fluid for all preparations.
There are few two-phase lattice Boltzmann models that consider the interaction forces between nanoparticles and a base fluid for natural convection in an enclosure.
An experimental study was conducted by Lee and Mudawar [18] to explore the benefits of using alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles in a water base fluid for microchannel-cooling applications.
A binary mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and deionized water (50/50 by volume) was used as the base fluid for the OHP.
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