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The cause, treatment, and perhaps prognostic significance of each of these aetiologies differ; a tool to partition the base deficit for each component would therefore be useful [ 10].
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Paladino and colleagues [ 115] assessed the prognostic value of a combination of abnormal vital signs (heart rate >100 beats/min or a systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg) in conjunction with serum lactate and base deficit for identifying trauma patients with major injuries, using cut-off values for lactate at more than 2.2 mmol/l and base deficit at less than -2.0 mEq/l, respectively.
Because base deficit accounts for the buffering effects of hemoglobin and CO2, both of which may fluctuate significantly in long complex operative procedures, base deficit is used by anesthesiologists as a surrogate marker for metabolic acidosis.
Together with the base deficit (negative value for base excess in all but one pyometra case) this indicates a respiratory compensated mild metabolic acidosis.
Quantifying human post-traumatic shock based on base deficit and adjusting for Glasgow Coma Scale score, prothrombin time, Injury Severity Score and age is demonstrated to be superior to anatomic injury severity alone or in combination with Trauma and Injury Severity Score.
The relationship between changes in the anion gap and both bicarbonate and base deficit improved dramatically, approaching one-for-one after correction for chloride (slope 0.99, r2 = 0.96 and slope 1.14, r2 = 0.95, respectively).
Timely correction with NaHCO3 infusion was recommended for base deficit; however, the associated negative consequences must be thoughtfully considered (for details, see 'permissive hypercapnia' below).
Patients score 0 2 points for their GCS level and 0 2 points for base deficit.
The ROC area under the curve for base deficit to detect hyperlactatemia was 0.58.
ROC area under the curve for base deficit to detect HL was 0.58.
BD is associated with fluid requirements during resuscitation: more severe base deficit requires more fluid for resuscitation [ 8].
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