The first of these was Sinosauropteryx, which was only described in 1996 – feathered dinosaurs basal to birds are a pretty recent phenomenon.
It is a fossil that shows the development of character states from the basal to the more derived.
Phylogenetic studies generally have shown the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) is basal to this group.
Psittacosaurids were basal to almost all known ceratopsians except Yinlong and perhaps the Chaoyangsauridae.
Heterodontosaurids have also been seen as basal to both ornithopods and marginocephalians.
The grey fox and island fox are basal to the other clades.
Furthermore, placing Tapuiasaurus in even more basal positions within Titanosauria requires an increasingly higher number of extra steps: 7 steps if forced basal to Malawisaurus, 9 steps if forced basal to Tangvayosaurus, and 10 steps if forced basal to Phuwiangosaurus.
A small region of the protocerebrum basal to the lobes was also innervated (arrow Figure 5C').
The majority of the single trees place the plasmid genes basal to the non-R.
Features were observed on the lingual surface of the enamel basal to the actively worn surface.
In this case, Anthosactis pearseae is basal to the deep-sea/vent clade but without support.
