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Moreover, the mtDNA genealogy illustrates concepts such as the MRCA (Most Recent Common Ancestor) both in terms of the ultimate basal node of the tree and for individual clades, such as that comprising the out-of-Africa component of human history.
The basal node of the 16 South American cCP sequences linked sequences that differed by a mean of 0.1397+/−0.024 ns/s.
Standard procedures for fossil calibrations [20] use the basal node of the crown group for the calibration (i.e., the fossil age is placed at the immediate ancestor to the extant lineage).
To summarize gene expression across species, we used the estimated expression levels for the most basal node of the tree.
We calibrated the basal node of the Pseudophasmatinae with an exponential prior with mean of 1.0 and offset at 44 mya.
We used the only fossil calibration point available for the basal node of the Pomacentridae to obtain absolute divergence time estimates.
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The first root of palms, unable to increase in diameter as do roots of broad-leaved plants, is eventually replaced by adventitious roots from the basal nodes of the stem.
Thus, the maximum areas allowed for ancestral nodes set to the minimum (two) to reduce ambiguities at the more basal nodes of the tree [119], [141], [142].
However the PhyML tests also showed that the apparent positions of the basal nodes of the CAbMV and PRSV clusters were clearly influenced by what other sequences were present in the dataset (Table 3).
Several basal nodes of the tree had low posterior probabilities; however, these lineages include six species with tropical life history and three temperate species with egg diapause (N. velox, N. palustris, N. retusus).
Furthermore, placing Leonerasaurus in a slightly more derived position than in the MPTs (i.e., within the basal nodes of the Melanorosaurus+Sauropoda clade) implies between three and six additional steps (depending on the position of other taxa such as Blikanasaurus and Camelotia; Templeton p-values ranging between 0.0339 and 0.1025).
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