This is not due to RNA silencing which appears as efficient (compare Fig. 5A with Fig. 1A) but could be due to concentration of TBBC at the basal body, meaning that even low amounts of TBBC protein could be detected and possibly sufficient for their function in flagella connection.
This could be interpreted as meaning that basal levels of cAMP are required to maintain a pool of free intracellular PKAcα capable of HSF1 binding (Fig. 1D).
We have proposed that ES cells represent a ground state for mammalian cells, meaning a basal self-replicating unit that is developmentally and epigenetically un-programmed and has minimal requirements for extrinsic stimuli to support survival and proliferation (Silva & Smith, 2008).
The basal spacings of Na- and Ca-montmorillonite were 12.96 and 15.72 Å, respectively, meaning that the basal spacing for cation-exchanged Ca-montmorillonite is larger than Na-montmorillonite, which is consistent with previous studies (Morodome and Kawamura 2009; Behnsen and Faulkner 2013).
A first duplication was postulated on the basal branch of all Violaceae except Rinorea, meaning that one paralog would have been lost in Viola and Allexis but retained in Cubelium, Hybanthus, Anchietea and Corynostylis.
A possibility to discriminate between these two scenarios is to calculate the percentage of congruent mutations, meaning those that occur on the basal branches of a genealogy [ 64].
Conversely, the design is completely unacceptable if the i th flux ratio is less than the lower bound f i L B. The lower bound is generally equal to one, meaning that the modified flux should exceed its basal value.
This approach is especially suited to identification of genes with elevated basal expression levels, upregulation of which will not produce a high fold change ratio, meaning that these genes will be missed by more stringent conditions.
Loss of Crk also significantly impaired the ability of SUM1315 cells to migrate and invade (Additional file 8), meaning that Crk knockdown severely impairs the growth, migration, invasion, and proliferation of several basal breast tumor cells.
On the contrary, M2/M1 high scores, meaning enrichment in M2 pro-tumourigenic macrophages were associated with a bad prognosis for pure basal-like TNBC subtype.
