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Interestingly, the HER2 and basal gene expression subtypes that are covered by the PAM50 gene expression classification of breast cancer [ 5] are also identified by cis-element clustering.
This suggests that the dominant effects driving the HER2 and basal gene expression subtypes are due to alterations in copy number of the protein targets directly rather than of transcription factors that act in trans.
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Since most ER- tumors are found in the ERBB2 and basal-like gene expression subtypes [ 15, 41], we performed separate comparisons of HER2+/ER- tumors vs. HER2- basal-like tumors, and ERBB2 classified tumors vs. HER2- tumors classified according to gene expression subtypes.
In each of the selected major subgroups, survival analysis including Kaplan-Meier, univariate and multivariate analysis, is performed on subsequently more stratified groups based on gene expression subtypes (basal-like, HER2-enriched, luminal A, luminal B, normal-like) [24], [29], ER-status, LN-status, histological grade, and treatment status (untreated or tamoxifen treated tumors).
We confirmed reported gene expression subtypes (atypical (24%), mesenchymal (27%), basal (31%) and classical (18%)), and assessed the subtypes for enrichment of somatic alterations32,33 (Supplementary Data 7.1).
Wang, Q. et al. Tumor evolution of glioma-intrinsic gene expression subtypes associates with immunological changes in the microenvironment.
Faruki, H. et al. Lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma gene expression subtypes demonstrate significant differences in tumor immune landscape.
Before induction, NPR1 is degraded in the nucleus to dampen basal gene expression.
The basal-like breast cancer subtype is defined through gene expression profiling and is considered to be a more aggressive breast cancer subtype compared to luminal-like and HER-2 enriched gene expression subtypes.
Figure 6: Proneural genes regulate prostatic basal cell stem/progenitor activities and the basal gene-expression profile is linked to aggressive PCa.
Their complex subtype was associated with the basal-like gene-expression subtype [ 3], corroborating our observation of a genomically homogenous basal-complex subtype.
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