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One possibility is that it is due to a weaker barrier function of the mucosa in the proximal esophagus.
Supplementing the diet of early-weaned pigs with CDC enhanced the expression of genes involved in the protection and barrier function of the mucosa of the distal small intestine.
First, cellular edema of mucosal membrane associated with extracellular hypotonicity and water transfer into the intracellular space may result in decreased microbial barrier function of the mucosa in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urinary tract, given that infections of these organs were more frequent in the lower sNa tertile group in the present study.
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Further sinuses and nasal congestion due to a mucosal edema provokes a drop in the tissue oxygen tension, and impairs the barrier functions of the mucosa.
Similar mechanisms might also be operating in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) where HIF-1 regulates the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa [37].
Mechanisms that govern the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa are thus of great interest to identify potential targets for novel IBD therapies that can add or synergize with existing therapies.
This weakens immunological resistance and thus diminishes the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa [ 12].
However, it is not known whether TNF-α affects the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa.
Also, carprofen has been shown to compromise the integrity and barrier function of the gastrointestinal mucosa in dogs [ 18].
These parameters have been suggested to have an impact on the barrier function of the nasal mucosa, and on the other hand can influence behaviour (i.e., longer stay in confined spaces) thus increasing the risk of transmission [ 19, 20].
Based on this prediction and the notion that bile acids [ 17, 18] and GLP-2 [ 30] regulate the expression and (or) cellular distribution of TJ proteins, we decided to examine the impact of dietary supplementation with CDC on the expression of some genes involved in the control of the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com