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Endothelial activation of pro-inflammatory mediators and disruption of barrier function leads to tissue factor, collagen/vWF exposure and subsequent activation of the coagulation cascade and platelets (Levi & van der Poll, 2010).
Disruption of the intestinal barrier function leads to increased mucosal permeability allowing the passage of viable resident bacteria or its components from the gastrointestinal tract to extraintestinal tissues [ 33].
Decreased barrier function leads to increased water loss through the outermost layer of the skin, resulting in a decrease in water content of this particular layer of skin, increased permeability to hydrophilic substances, decreased ceramides in the skin and decreased barrier to infectious agents.
By inhibiting these two interrelated processes, and possibly interactions between endothelial cells and other vascular cell types such as mural cells, anthrax toxins might contribute to the late-stage effects of anthrax infection when disruption of endothelial barrier function leads to lethal vascular collapse.
Although Mojibian et al. did not investigate whether the wheat-specific T cell responses correlated with impaired intestinal barrier function, it is reasonable to hypothesise that impaired intestinal barrier function leads to an increased passage of intestinal diabetogenic antigens (e.g. wheat peptides, bacterial agents) that induce the autoimmune cascade typical of type 1 diabetes [ 11, 12, 31].
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Second, under inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, surgery, or trauma, the damage of the endothelial glycocalyx decreases vascular barrier function and leads to protein extravasation [14],[15].
Second, under inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, surgery, or trauma, the damage of the endothelial glycocalyx decreases vascular barrier function and leads to protein extravasation [ 14],[ 15].
Whether developmental differences intrinsic to PEC barrier function contribute to this survival advantage remains unknown.
Ultimately, more sophisticated understanding of epidermal barrier function will lead to more rational therapy of a host of skin conditions in which the barrier is impaired.
Impaired gut epithelial barrier function may lead to persistent immune reactions, thus augmenting the gut inflammation [ 6].
Both alcohol consumption and HIV/SIV infection seem to disrupt the intestinal lining, disrupt intestinal barrier function, and lead to microbial translocation.
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