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The impedance spectrum of spherical PPy at lower frequencies suggests a semi-infinite diffusion process, while nanofibrillar PPy displays barrier diffusion and capacitor characteristics.
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The rupture of the TiN barrier diffusion is a crucial factor and probably the principle and first failure cause, as it could induce others.
Such an environmental boundary must have implied a durable barrier to diffusion and migration during interstadials.
where T is the temperature, k B is the Boltzmann constant, is the energy barrier to diffusion, and i and j are the labels of the binding sites at the beginning and end of an adatom's hop.
According to [22], crosslinked polymers demonstrate a lower release rate due to increasing barriers to diffusion and prolonged relaxation of polymer chains.
This is because of the presence of phosphates in the micropore channel system, where they form barriers to diffusion and inhibit the formation of voluminous (intermediate) species.
Certain drugs may cross the endothelial barrier via free diffusion and undergo influx from the blood to the brain compartment.
This excellent stability suggested that any decrease of the protein resistance properties of POEGMA brushes would originate from chemical degradation rather than decrease in the thickness and therefore the physical barrier to protein diffusion and adsorption to the underlying substrate.
In the seeds of some species, the suberized cell layers beneath the seed coat act as a barrier to oxygen diffusion, and their removal accelerates germination (Collis-George and Melville, 1974; Rolletschek et al., 2007).
Simultaneously, these surface sites also provide increased energy barriers for surface diffusion and thus imply reduced diffusion lengths of the adsorbed growth species [22].
In contrast, cystic and necrotic tissues have fewer barriers to water diffusion and the apparent diffusion is relatively free.
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