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Although FLG is an intracellular protein, the barrier abnormality occurred solely via a paracellular route in affected stratum corneum.
Transfer of mice from a normal to a dry environment rapidly stimulated epidermal proliferation, whereas animals switched from a humid to a dry environment displayed a delayed increase in proliferation that might also contribute to the barrier abnormality.
Although it is widely accepted that filaggrin (FLG) deficiency contributes to an abnormal barrier function in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis, the pathomechanism of how FLG deficiency provokes a barrier abnormality in humans is unknown.
Following transfer from a humid to dry environment, electron microscopy revealed a marked decrease in: (i) lamellar bodies in the outermost stratum granulosum; (ii) deposition of lamellar body contents at the stratum granulosum stratum corneum interface; and (iii) the quantity of intercellular lamellae in the stratum corneum, which together could account for the barrier abnormality.
The basis for the barrier abnormality is likely twofold.
Next we assessed the cellular basis for the permeability barrier abnormality in SLS.
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This mechanism may become important in genetically predisposed hosts with longstanding barrier abnormalities.
In genetically predisposed hosts with long standing barrier abnormalities, this mechanism may lower the threshold of inflammatory responses to specific antigens.
In contrast, increased intestinal permeability has been demonstrated in patients with active CD [19], [20] and their healthy relatives, suggesting that in a proportion of cases, intestinal barrier abnormalities may predate overt inflammation [21].
Immune and barrier abnormalities characterize AD, with Th2/Th22 cytokine activation, increased hyperplasia and significant decreases in differentiation markers.
109, 118 Ceramides are crucial for barrier formation 2, 12 so this change in creamed composition likely contributes to the barrier abnormalities.
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