Mr. Walker made several proposals that will weaken not just unions' ability to bargain contracts, but also their finances and political clout.
Some new governors, most notably Scott Walker of Wisconsin, are even threatening to take away government workers' right to form unions and bargain contracts.
In June 2015, Gawker became the first digital media company to unionize [see footnote], followed by Salon, Vice Media, Huffington Post and Guardian US – which have yet to bargain contracts.
That group gave drivers a voice on issues at their workplace, helping them advocate for minimum-pay rules and even win changes to tipping policies, but denied them the power to collectively bargain contracts with Uber.
Without a collectively bargained contract, those rules would be considered illegal restraints of trade.
Rights that Congress grants, they argued, cannot be waived in a collective-bargaining contract.
All these provisions were written into a collective bargaining contract, and disputes over interpretation of the contract were resolved through grievance arbitration.
The Court ruled that a government employer and union may reach an agreement requiring employees to pay an agency service fee encompassing the costs of collective bargaining, contract administration, and grievance adjustment.
In this case, the N.F.L. said to the union, "Let's put this into the collective-bargaining contract, take advantage of the labor exemption, and save our otherwise illegal draft-eligibility system".
For instance, Barr runs the only large charter organization in the country that has embraced unionized teachers and a collectively bargained contract — an unnecessary hassle, if his aim was to run a few schools, but a source of leverage for Green Dot's main purpose, which is to push for citywide change.
