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These include flexure, shear, lap-splice capacity, plastic hinge behavior, displacement capacity and jacket strain capacity associated with embedded bar buckling.
The analysis reveals that columns with larger cross-sectional dimensions that incorporate larger longitudinal bar sizes (No. 8 and above) and lower strength concrete are more prone to in-plane bar buckling.
In order to replace steel bars with Ni-Ti bars in reinforced concrete elements, it is convenient to use concrete with a high steel fibre content to delay local bar buckling.
Bar buckling.
The damage of member element of structure under bar buckling effect is not apparent in this study because the plastic rotation values are greater than the collapse values of elements since the structure is not excited to high intensity loading in this test.
Damage was observed in the form of concrete spalling, concrete cracking, longitudinal bar buckling (thirteen of the eighteen bars were buckled), and longitudinal bar fracture in the plastic hinge region formed at column-footing interface (Schoettler et al. 2012).
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Additionally, longitudinal bars buckled in Columns 1 4, and two longitudinal reinforcing bars fractured in Column 1 near the base of the column at the northwest and southeast corners of the cross-section (see Fig. 1).
Eyewitnesses in the pub described how they saw the bar "buckle" before collapsing, completely crushing people below.
The presence of wire-mesh primarily affected bar-buckling and post-peak behavior.
On the other hand, the indirectly loaded UHPFRC tube had a limited influence, but the structural integrity of the UHPFRC tube appeared to affect the restraining of bar-buckling, which could result in a reduction of the energy dissipation.
Failure modes of the tested FSRC specimens were characterized by crushing of FRP bars and buckling of steel bars at drift ratios larger than 2.4%.
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