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The TD bands were converted into binary data matrix (0/1 if band was absent/present), which was subjected to a PCA analysis using MATLAB (Version 7, The MathWorks, Inc .. Total RNAs from rice endosperm were isolated using a protocol based on Bekesiova et al. [ 29].
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The integrated absorbances of specific bands are converted into concentrations using calibration curves which can be obtained by measuring the absorbance of solutions with known concentrations using the same spacer of the transmission cell (same path length).
Finally, the conjugated band was converted into a peroxide before transforming into an oxidant.
The intensity of each DNA band was converted into a fraction of the total DNA by dividing its intensity by the sum of the intensities for all of the DNA species present.
The DGGE band profiles were converted into numerical values using Image J (version 1.46) and XLSTAT software.
By applying the inverse of the Planck function, thermal bands' radiance values were converted into brightness temperature values using the following equation (Chander et al. 2009).
Following topoisomerase II treatment, however, knotted molecules were converted into two gel bands of unknotted nicked DNA circles.
The hyper-spectral data, taken by a spectroradiometer, were converted into four multi-spectral bands (i.e., blue, green, red, and NIR) to simulate satellite-based imagery data.
To estimate the PIC, the microsatellite data were converted into a binary format (presence or absence of bands), and therefore, the maximum PIC could be 0.5.
* Postcodes were converted into Townsend deprivation indices [ 32] and categorised into bands in accordance with deprivation indices for England.
RP group only *At time of interview **Postcodes were converted into Townsend deprivation indices [ 24] and categorized into bands in accordance with deprivation indices for England.
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