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When the porosity is 64%, a direct band gap is obtained.
However, a re-opened band gap is obtained in the SbI-3 doping configuration.
The energy band gap is obtained by extrapolating the linear part of the curve to zero absorption coefficient.
However, the location of the VBM and CBM are different for these two models when direct band gap is obtained.
At normal incidence, a complete photonic band gap is obtained at frequency 0.162 to 0.242 (in the units of ωa/2πc) and so longer wavelength light can be trapped and enforced towards active silicon region after total internal/Bragg reflection.
In the bulk material or in thin films, the band gap can be found from the plot between (αhν 2 vs hν, whereas in the nanomaterials of sizes above Bohr radius, the band gap is obtained from the absorption edge, but when the nanomaterial size is less than Bohr exciton radius of the materials, it is obtained from the absorption peak.
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Nearly stoichiometric CZTS thin films with desirable band gap were obtained by using copper concentration of 0.015 M.
Dense AlN layers with very high electrical resistivity, high index of refraction and large optical band gap were obtained at high deposition rates.
The optical band gap was obtained by extrapolating the high energy part of the curve to the x axis corresponding to the F(R) = 0 and the results are shown in Fig. 2.
Owing to the strong intra-molecular charge transfer effect in polymer backbone, much broader absorption spectra covering from 320 to 800 nm with the narrowed band-gap were obtained for the developed D-A-A type polymers in contrast to their corresponding D-A type polymers.
A correction to the fundamental band gap is usually obtained by calculating the QP energies via the GW method [20].
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