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These observations strengthen the hypothesis that balancing selection has acted on this locus or in a region closely linked to it.
Assuming it is a single-copy gene in the P. webbianus genome, the high variation of the heterozygous genotype indicated that its two haplotypes must have highly diverged and possibly suggests that high balancing selection has acted on it.
Combined with the evidence of a high level of polymorphism at this locus, this result supports the hypothesis that balancing selection has acted to maintain polymorphisms at this locus [ 4].
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To estimate whether balancing selection have acted on the DQB gene of black bears, we calculated dN/ dS (or ω) ratios by using three methods: the modified Nei Gojobori model, ML, and Bayesian inferences.
Balancing selection has traditionally been considered to have acted less frequently on human populations, and the number of reported cases is smaller in comparison to positive selection.
Contemporary frequencies of protein antigen variants are better predicted by pre-PCV7 values (1998-2000) then the preceding period (2006-2008), suggesting balancing selection may have acted in maintaining variant frequencies in this population.
This suggests that balancing selection potentially acted on the genes in these groups.
Given sufficient time and recovery after a bottleneck, however, balancing selection will again act to maintain polymorphism [ 64].
As suggested above, asymmetric overdominant selection and/or ABC evolution must have played a prominent role, even though the effects of recombination, gene conversion and balancing selection are very hard to disentangle from each other and may have acted simultaneously [87].
If the rating agencies had acted earlier, Weiss says, the issuers might have acted sooner to bolster their balance sheets.
Furthermore, ABC can act alongside balancing selection, as both evolutionary forces are not mutually exclusive.
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