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Moreover, large-badged males are more efficient mate guarders than small-badged males ([ 17] and references therein) and reproductive success increase with badge size [ 21].
However, badge size may influence male male competition.
Taken together, our results suggest that female Kentish plovers do not use either badge size or the length of flank feathers as cues in their mate choice decisions.
We created single males by removing their mate and clutch, and then manipulated both their badge size (a presumed signal of either their genetic quality or their dominance status and hence defensive abilities) and the length of their flank feathers (a presumed signal of their parental quality in incubation) in a 2×2 factorial design.
Buchanan et al. [57] showed that in male house sparrows, testosterone implants enhanced both the metabolic rate and badge size.
There are several reasons to believe that variation in molt speed could explain variation in badge size and/or coloration in house sparrows.
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Bobin and Stoller cram the movie with gags, both highbrow (the Swedish Chef recreating "The Seventh Seal") and sublimely stupid (Sam the Eagle and Ty Burrell, as rival investigators, comparing badge sizes).
Why, yes.) Bobin and Stoller cram the movie with gags, both highbrow (the Swedish Chef recreating "The Seventh Seal") and sublimely stupid (Sam the Eagle and Ty Burrell, as rival investigators, comparing badge sizes).
These findings suggest that the relative importance of the benefits (genetic or parental care) varies with changing female condition and female house sparrows may adjust their preference for badge sizes accordingly (as reported for Photinus ignitus fireflies [ 5]).
Some badge making machines can handle multiple badges sizes; these usually come with an adjustable rotary paper cutter.
The Sport line, on the other hand, has an enormous solid Mercedes badge – the size of a hubcap off a 1950s-era Mercedes Ponton, the E-Class's spiritual ancestor.
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