For each participant, artifact-free trials were averaged separately for good-prize and bad-prize stimuli (mean = 33.7, SD = 5.0 trials for good-prize condition and mean = 33.2, SD = 5.2 trials for bad-prize condition).
If TARP and the "bad bank" and stimulus programs don't work, try other programs.
Upon apoptotic stimuli, BAD translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria (Zha et al, 1996; Jia et al, 1999), where it neutralises the anti-apoptotic proteins and promotes mitochondrial membrane permeabilisation (Datta et al, 2000; Roy et al, 2009).
But even if the lack of short-term stimulus proves bad for the economy, it could still work politically, said Bill Allison of the non-partisan Center for Public Integrity.
Many economists say they believe that the current quarter could be just as bad, and that additional stimulus measures will be needed to haul the economy out of recession.
Besides, recovering from a financial meltdown requires more than government spending: the banking system has to be recapitalized (in the nineteen-nineties, Japan's cash-hoarding "zombie banks" were a drag on its stimulus programs); bad debts have to be written down; sector-specific problems must be addressed.
I think the White House made bad choices on the stimulus and the health care bill that limited its flexibility on economic policy later on; I think Obama has never been interested in the kind of structural reforms that our entitlement system needs; and I think this White House's second term agenda is mostly non-responsive to these challenges.
The memories are very simple: just the association that a particular stimulus is bad and should be avoided.
By forcing people to eat chocolate until the point of disgust, researchers have demonstrated what happens to the brain when a good stimulus turns bad.
