After 38 Kasparovparov could have tried 38... Nf4, but even so, following 39 Nb5 Nd5 40 Nd2 Rd1 41 Ne4 f6 42 Ke2 Ra1 43 g6, he would still be in a bad bind.
"There are some counties that have the economic wherewithal to take on these issues, and there are other counties that just don't have any money, so that puts them into a real bad bind," said Raquel Rubio-Goldsmith, coordinator of the Binational Migration Institute at the University of Arizona, which researches immigration issues.
A Houdini move to escape a very bad bind that has let it claw back enough rope to loop anew.
BAD binds to BcL-XL/BcL-2 and interferes with their function, while BAD phosphorylation on Ser-136 releases BcL-XL to mediate mitochondrial-dependent pro-survival [17].
Bad binds to Bcl-XL or Bcl-2 and inhibits their antiapoptotic potential.
Bad binds to the pro-survival proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-w and Bcl-xL, thus preventing their inhibition of Bak and/or Bax (Chen et al., 2005).
Bad selectively heterodimerizes with Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, but not with other family members, and when Bad binds to Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, it neutralizes their anti-apoptotic activity.
The sensitizer BH3-only proteins, however, only interact with a limited set of antiapoptotic proteins, for example, Bad binds to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, whereas Noxa exclusively interacts with Mcl-1 and A1.
Neutralization of Bcl-xL is the primary pro-apoptotic function of Bad [ 87, 88], and it was demonstrated that a single mutation in Bad is sufficient to disrupt Bad:Bcl-2 but not Bad:Bcl-xL binding [ 88]; Bad binds to restrainers stronger than e.g. Bid [ 40].
For example, the BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein Bad binds tightly to the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-w, but not to Mcl-1 or A1, whereas Noxa binds to Mcl-1 and A1 but far less strongly to Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and is not known to bind Bcl-w (Chen et al., 2005; Willis et al., 2005; Smith et al., 2011).
