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To determine which pathway of the complement activation might be associated with the bacteriostatic activity of the egg cytosol, the antibodies against C1q (a key component of CP), C4 (a key component of both CP and LP) and Bf (a key component of AP) were utilized to block the CP, LP or AP, respectively.
Taken together, all these undoubtedly indicate that the activation of the AP is primarily responsible for the bacteriostatic activity of the egg cytosol, but the CP and LP have little contribution to the bacteriostatic activity.
The effect of AMP prevails on AgNPs at early stages of bacterial adhesion, while AgNPs are responsible for sustaining the relatively low but steady release of Ag(I), preserving the bacteriostatic activity of the surface over time.
The capacity of the antibodies against C3, Bf, C1q and C4 to inhibit the bacteriostatic activity of the egg cytosol was analyzed according to the method of Wang et al. [12].
It is found that the precipitation of C1q and C4 results in little loss of the bacteriostatic activity of the egg cytosol, whereas the precipitation of Bf leads to a significant reduction of the bacteriostatic activity.
Pre-incubation of anti-C3 antibody with the egg cytosol was capable of reducing the bacteriostatic activity against both V. anguillarum and S. aureus in a concentration-dependent fashion (Figure 2A and B), strongly suggesting a role for complement in the bacteriostatic activity of the egg cytosol.
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The limited data on linezolid and the bacteriostatic activity of this drug are of concern when treating neutropenic patients.
Similarly, pre-incubation with the antibody against Bf, a key enzyme in the AP activation, also resulted in a remarkable decrease in the bacteriostatic activities of the egg cytosol against V. anguillarum and S. aureus, with the inhibition rates of 57±4.8% and 55±5.0% contrasting to those of 85±3.7% and 77±3.7% in control (Figure 5A and B).
Moreover, the bacteriostatic activities of the EDTA-treated egg cytosols were capable of being rescued by addition of Mg2+, but not by addition of Ca2+ (Figure 6A and B).
It was found that the bacteriostatic activities of the egg cytosol against V. anguillarum and S. aureus were significantly decreased by pre-incubation with zymosan, with the inhibition rates of 58±3.8% and 52±4.0% contrasting to those of 86±4.6% and 82±4.9% in control (Figure 4A and B).
The bacteriostatic activity of H-89 augments the killing of Salmonella enteritidis by neutrophils [ 53].
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