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The study showed that higher levels of heteroplasmy consistently resulted in more severe symptoms (93), thus mirroring the bacterial situation.
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Global expression at the patient bed is required to understand how bacteria form biofilms in patients, especially when considering that in vivo bacterial situations can widely differ with in vitro behavior [39].
Global expression at the patient bed is required to understand how bacteria form biofilms in patients, especially when considering that in vivo bacterial situations can widely differ with in vitro behavior [ 39].
With bacterial infections, the situation is more complex.
Until the availability of an affordable and accessible diagnostic test capable to differentiating between viral and bacterial infections, this situation is unlikely to change.
In bacterial cells, this situation is resolved by a process called trans-translation (Tu et al, 1995; Keiler et al, 1996a).
In many situations bacterial activities, such as the production of the mentioned public goods, are only worthwhile as a joint activity by a sufficient number of collaborators.
I think that the comparison between the bacterial and phage situations would be worth making.
As an example, authors used morrhuate sodium or its derivative arachidonic acid to induce aseptic osseous necrosis, which is an ideal situation for bacterial proliferation [36].
Thus, we do not believe that ppGpp is a natural ligand for the human LIC, but that binding of this ligand reflects an unnatural situation of bacterial expression.
In fact, four of the animals died just 15 minutes after the bacterial exposure - a situation that reproduces more the macrohemodynamics that are described in acute endotoxemic models that have been challenged with regard to their clinical relevance [ 5].
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