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And the two numbers in the same grid represent weighted and unweighted Unifrac distance respectively Fig. 6 NMDS, PCA and PCoA of the bacterial population structures.
Using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, Maynard Smith and colleagues demonstrated that bacterial population structures could range from panmictic or fully sexual, with random association between alleles, to clonal, with nonrandom association of alleles, the latter resulting in the frequent recovery of relatively few of the many possible multilocus genotypes [7].
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Chloropicrin significantly altered bacterial population within 4 weeks of application, and the effect on bacterial population structure became non-significant 4 months later after treatment (Wei et al. 2016).
The effects on the bacterial population structure are short-lived and become non-significant difference compared to non-fumigation after fumigating 2 3 months (Liu et al. 2015; Wei et al. 2016).
It is widely recognized that recombination highly influences bacterial population structure [7].
PFGE analysis demonstrated that the bacterial population structure in northern Viet Nam has important similarities to that seen in the south (Figure 2).
Since the more virulent strains of pathogens are associated with the growing threat from foodborne infections, [14] their study has dominated most of our efforts to understand bacterial population structure in animal hosts.
In this context, whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been used to generate accurate data on bacterial population structure and phylogeography [ 14].
Whole-genome sequencing is a powerful high resolution tool that can be used to generate accurate data on bacterial population structure, phylogeography and mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance.
In addition to bacterial factors, complexities such as bacterial population structure, host genetics and host immune status are likely to play a role in the linking of clinical status and bacterial virulence.
However, to facilitate their experiment the authors excluded herbivores and natural predators of the insect host from their experimental plot; the effects of these on host population dynamics, transmission and bacterial population structure were therefore not investigated.
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