Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are effective against serious Gram-positive bacterial pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Hunter Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI) is a widely used estimator of discriminatory power of genotyping methods and diversity of molecular markers in bacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
In succession, the antibacterial susceptibility testing showed that Rev NIS and its analogs possessed significant activities (Anal R > Rev NIS > Anal S), without hemolytic effects, against bacterial pathogens including antibiotics-resistant strains.
But a new study of mice shows that herpesviruses, which most of us carry for life, may have a surprising benefit: They offer protection from bacterial pathogens, including the one that causes plague.
Vulnerability to oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage occurs commonly in many studied bacterial pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans and Helicobacter pylori.
Most bacterial pathogens, including gram-positive bacteria, have long filamentous structures known as pili extending from their surface.
Studies indicate that many bacterial pathogens, including Francisella tularensis, Vibrio cholerae, and Escherichia coli enter the VBNC state [12], [21].
C. elegans is able to sense a variety of molecules associated with bacterial pathogens, including secreted surfactants [6], quorum-sensing molecules [10], and LPS [11].
In addition, many other bacterial pathogens, including Francisella tularensis, Vibrio cholerae, and Escherichia coli have been shown to enter the VBNC state [12], [21].
Specifically, Th17 cells have been associated with protective immune responses in the lung against several bacterial pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (reviewed in [26]).
Bacterial pathogens, including L. monocytogenes, are known to form structured populations of microorganisms, adhered and embedded in an extracellular matrix consisting mainly of exopolysaccharides (biofilms) [35].
