TGFβ has three isoforms and TGFβ1 is the predominant form in keratinocytes (Pittelkow et al., 1988).
When inflammatory agents activate noneffector CD45RA+CD45RO− T lymphocytes, such as bacterial infection, the isoform CD45RO is upregulated and CD45RA is downregulated [ 65].
Structures of many pathogenic Prxs are available (for detailed reviews, see refs (5) and (132))—including bacterial isoforms StAhpC, HpAhpC, Haemophilus influenza Tpx, MtAhpC, and MtTpx and eukaryotic isoforms Plasmodium yoelii PrxI, Plasmodium vivax 2-Cys, and Plasmodium falciparum Trx-Px2 so Trx-Px2 sorationalgn techniques such as virtual ligandrugreening couldesignpplied techniquesy leadsuch
VEGF has many isoforms, and there are differences in their concentration, localisation and affinity for bevacizumab.
Though the splice leader was not apparent from the APR and SiR ESTs the coding sequences are likely complete due to the presence of an obvious N terminal extension compared to bacterial isoforms.
Similarly, in Zebrafish one of its two isoforms, MPEG1.2, is induced following bacterial infection and limits bacterial burden (Benard et al., 2015).
These isoforms exhibit substrate specificity and are expressed tissue specifically4.
This work has revealed that cGSTs are a lot more ubiquitous and old than previously thought, with many cGSTs classes having a bacterial isoform.
In addition, because bacterial extracts expressing recombinant OGT isoforms can be employed, the method is applicable to identifying new enzyme variants.
Caspase-2 exists as two main isoforms: the caspase-2L long isoform, which is pro-apoptotic, and the caspase-2S short isoform, which may be anti-apoptotic.
