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In the clone library of the surface-water bacterial community using the 16S rDNA, five OTUs represented 50% of the clone library and the singletons constituted 23% of the clone library (Fig. S3).
While 1,000 reads per sample were sufficient to describe protist and fungal diversity, 5,000 reads were not sufficient to describe the bacterial community using OTUs defined at 97% similarity.
Similar work evaluated the rumen bacterial community using real-time PCR to quantify cultured and uncultured species in liquid and solid fractions of Jersey cows fed a forage diet and Holstein cows fed a TMR.
In combination with our previous work, these findings support the hypothesis that the host sponge actively degrades a proportion of its bacterial community using an autophagy pathway, and uses the prokaryotic organic remains as a framework upon which calcification of the sponge skeleton is initiated.
To estimate the abundance of phyla within a bacterial community using the phylogenetic reconstruction ARB tool, 16S rRNA surveys of the intestinal microbial flora first target the computation of a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) with the NAST multialigner [ 20] or the autoaligner of the ARB software.
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Further we aimed to identify the optimized DNA extraction conditions to obtain a high and pure DNA yield from chronic wound specimens in order to effectively profile bacterial communities using PCR-DGGE.
Here, we sought to elucidate the effects of chlortetracycline, colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin on the rex rabbits caecum bacterial communities using high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform.
While this was contradicted with the general view about antibiotics causing a reduction in bacterial diversity (Dubourg et al. 2014), Peng and Zeng et al. (2016) had found that antibiotics could increase the giant pandas faeces bacterial communities using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technology analysis, which were consistent with our results.
To generate each nMDS plot, we began by evaluating the number of dimensions required to appropriately present the bacterial communities using a stress plot, which was generated using n = 10 iterations of nMDS for dimensions n = 1 through n = 5.
Charlson et al. (2010), investigated the smoking effect on the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal bacterial communities using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S sequence tags.
One such phenotype is the swarming movement which is a mechanism that bacterial communities use to colonize surfaces, to infect host organisms and to invade new habitats for reviews see [5], [6].
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