Since formaldehyde fixed L. casei had the same inhibitory effect on IP-10 secretion as live bacteria, active interaction between bacteria and IEC is not necessary for the inhibitory effect, suggesting a bacterial cell surface component as the effective probiotic structure.
S. aureus determinants that affect carriage include secreted components associated with immune system interaction (De Haas et al. 2004; Genestier et al. 2005; Rooijakkers et al. 2005) or components of the bacterial cell surface (Kreikemeyer et al. 2002; Clarke et al. 2004; Heilmann et al. 2004).
IgG is a potent activator of the classical complement pathway, leading to increased deposition of C3, the central complement component, on the bacterial cell surface [11].
LPS is a component of the bacterial cell surface that comprises three covalently linked structures: an outer membrane bound moiety called lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an outermost polysaccharide known as the O-chain [88].
Bacterial adhesins bind either directly to integral host cell surface components, such as integrins or carbohydrates, or they interact with components of the extracellular matrix resulting in indirect binding to receptors on the host cell surface (Kline et al., 2009).
Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) are the outermost cell envelope component of many bacteria and archaea.
Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) are one of the most common outermost cell envelope components of prokaryotic organisms (archaea and bacteria).
As for the motility phenotypes, we suggest that CupD fimbrial assembly could interfere with the function of other components involved in autoaggregation and/or may alter the physiochemical properties of the bacterial cell surface.
In bacterial pathogenesis, the infectious process is generally initiated by the interaction between adhesins on the bacterial cell surface and specific ligands on the host cell surface.
Novel surface proteins can be introduced onto the bacterial cell surface by recombinant means.
