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The bacterial cell surface (or envelope) can vary considerably in its structure, and it plays a central role in the properties and capabilities of the cell.
The Gram stain reacts to differences in the structure of the bacterial cell surface, differences that are apparent when the cells are viewed under an electron microscope.
Novel surface proteins can be introduced onto the bacterial cell surface by recombinant means.
Silver nanoparticles (1 10 nm) attach to the bacterial cell surface and significantly disrupt its respiration and permeability [154].
Consequently, the adhesion properties of different bacteria are affected by the hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell surface [11, 44].
We have proven this process with bacterial cell surface proteins (S-layer proteins) from Deinococcus radiodurans and Sporosarcina ureae.
The three dimensional structure of HD5 favors greater interaction with the bacterial cell surface and also with DNA.
However, the studies did not provide direct evidence of HOC partitioning into surfactant hemi-micelles on the bacterial cell surface.
In addition, the relatively simple modular structure of autodisplay systems allows the easy interaction of passenger proteins on the bacterial cell surface, thus displaying desired heterologous enzymes.
This augments the deposition of nanoparticles on the bacterial cell surface results large accumulation of silver nanoparticles causing disruption of cellular functions.
Generally, the nanomaterials release ions, which react with the thiol groups (–SH) of the proteins present on the bacterial cell surface which leads to cell lysis [36].
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