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Rapid adaptation has been seen in several laboratory genetic systems, in which bacteria were placed under selective conditions.
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These results are consistent with the notion that when the bacterium is placed under antibiotic stress, in conditions that permit it to adjust (namely slow exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of the antibiotic and nutrient availability), resistance is increased by the up-regulation of efflux pumps and down-regulation of porins.
The presence of prophages can be determined by phage induction assays whereby the bacterium is placed under particular stressful conditions (chemical treatment or exposure to UV-light) in order to stimulate excision of the integrated phage which will subsequently turn on its lytic life cycle and lyse the host cell (Chopin et al. 2001).
Dissident activists were placed under house arrest.
Implants were placed under sterile conditions.
One bacterium was placed in each "room" and the whole device was buried in soil.
Noroxo, owned by the US oil giant ExxonMobil, was placed under surveillance in November and closed for most of December after dangerous concentrations of bacteria were found in the tower.
Alexey was placed under house arrest.
She has been placed under house arrest.
Suspected collaborators are placed under surveillance.
He was placed under arrest.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com