The shell is porous, and water draws bacteria through the shell to the egg.
Or, as she put it in an earlier essay, "We have been looking at bacteria through the wrong end of the telescope".
BGs are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria through the bacteriophage phiX174 gene E mediated lysis.
Lyme disease begins with the transmission of bacteria through the bite of a black-legged tick and can spread to muscles, joints, the heart and even the brain.
As fluid flow transported the bacteria through the chamber, bioluminescence was observed to initially increase until an oxygen depletion zone developed behind the advective front.
And last but not least, as customizable and transferable tools, CRISPR-Cas systems are particularly promising to fight multi-drug resistant bacteria through the engineering of phages.
Intravenous infection of Salmonella can be easily monitored using in vivo fluorescence that allows the visualization of free-swimming bacteria through the circulatory system.
In the upper ocean, single-celled cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, collectively known as phytoplankton, fix inorganic C and partly release it as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), feeding heterotrophic bacteria through the microbial food web.
Jingjin Ding et al. show that the N-terminal domains of gasdermins D, A and A3 are cytotoxic because they disrupt cell membranes in both mammalian cells and artificially transformed bacteria through the formation of membrane pores.
Xylophaga spp. are hypothesized to create niches for bacteria through the development of anoxic zones, which originate from the accumulation of faeces rich in cellulose degradation breakdown products and the production of mucus (Purchon, 1941; Bienhold et al., 2013).
Intrauterine infections, most commonly the result of migration of vaginal bacteria through the cervix into the uterine cavity, can lead to severe fetal hypoxia as a result of villous edema (fluid build up within the placenta itself).
