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Furthermore, these surviving bacteria may evolve resistance to both antimicrobials and antibiotics that could be transferred to dangerous pathogens.
These two bacteria may evolve resistance via different mechanisms, or by incorporating different phage-derived spacers, but they may also evolve resistance via a shared mechanism or spacer region.
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However, the dilemma for antibiotic use is also faced by phage therapy: bacteria may readily evolve resistance to phages that attack them (Luria and Delbruck 1943; Smith et al. 1987; Alisky et al. 1998; Chanishvili et al. 2001; Summers 2001).
Alternatively, bacteria cultured as biofilms may evolve heritable variation for resistance to antibiotics de novo[ 7].
Of course, any bacterium persisting in lizard mouths may evolve and adapt to that environment, so characteristics of the same bacterial species from other environments may not match its characteristics after adaptation to lizard mouths.
For example, through the process of natural selection, bacteria that are constantly exposed to antibiotics may evolve strands that are antibiotic resistant.
We hypothesize that, as for other fragmented transposable elements in eukaryotes (Werren 2011), these fragmented intron sequences in bacteria may have evolved into functional cis-regulatory elements making a direct contribution to bacterial speciation.
Considering the extensive coevolution of bacteria and phages [ 70], and the possible bacterial origin of mitochondria, their ribosomes may evolve to ensure proper translation of genes bearing byps.
When bacteria are fed a diet rich in an unnatural amino acid that closely resembles a natural one, they may evolve to prefer the new amino acid, even to the extent that they cannot live without it.
The detection of selection against promoter motifs in nonfunctional regions also confirms previous results indicating that no sequence may evolve free of selective constraints, at least in the relatively small and unstructured genomes of bacteria.
The party may evolve quickly.
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