After three days, they found variants of the bacteria in which production of a desired chemical was increased fivefold.
It is the flash point of a gigantic microbial war between phages and bacteria, in which humans are a mere side issue.
Restriction enzymes are extracted from several different species and strains of bacteria, in which they act as defense mechanisms against viruses.
This model is divergent from the characterized PICIs in Gram-positive bacteria, in which a single phage protein is necessary to de-represses a PICI master repressor.
Biofilms are communities of bacteria in which cells adhere to each other and to a surface by an extracellular matrix composed of DNA, proteins, and/or polysaccharides.
The definition is in question because unlike bacteria, in which every letter of the genome can be sequenced, animal genomes have large regions of DNA that cannot be decoded by present methods.
I describe them as "pacifists in the war on bacteria" in which the rest of us h ave been foot soldiers.
Sexuality is present even in primitive bacteria, in which parts of the chromosome of one cell can be transferred to another during mating.
Episome, in bacteria, one of a group of extrachromosomal genetic elements called plasmids, consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and capable of conferring a selective advantage upon the bacteria in which they occur.
Our findings for OMVs are in agreement with studies using EHEC bacteria, in which flagellin, and not Stx, is the major bacterial factor that upregulates proinflammatory cytokine production by cultured IECs (HCT-8, Caco-2 44,45. Caco-2 44,45
Nevertheless, we believe that the method described here is valid for the study of bacteria in which the genetic engineering needed to introduce tagged proteins is difficult or nonexistent.
