The control of multidrug-resistant bacteria as well as insect pests and vectors is timely and important now a days.
From a theoretical perspective, with ICU patients confined to their beds, antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread predominantly as a vector-borne disease, with the temporarily contaminated hands of healthcare workers acting as vectors.
They can cause infections by themselves such as amoebiasis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, amoebic encephalitis, and amoebic keratitis and they can act as a vector to their intracellular bacteria to cause multiple infections of protozoa and bacteria [ 31].
Hence direct spread seems unlikely, but prey surviving an initial attack that acquired the bacteria and developed a sepsis could act as a vector in the indirect bacterial spread to other lizards if other lizards ate those infected prey.
In turn, the nematode partner serves as a vector to transmit bacteria between insect hosts [ 19, 20] and augments bacterial virulence against insects [ 5, 21, 22].
The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is a serious pest of grapes and other crop and ornamental plants mainly through its role as a vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells.
In the present study, we postulated that circulating neutrophils containing serotype K1 K. pneumoniae which are resistant to intracellular killing serve as a vector for disseminating the bacteria to the liver and distant metastatic sites.
Genetically modified Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), a probiotic bacterium, able to secrete β-lactamase (29 kDa), was used as a vector for the oral delivery of β-lactamase to the rats.
A. There are viruses that infect disease-causing bacteria, as well as many other bacteria.
A further novel approach exploits intracellular bacteria as delivery vectors for DNA vaccines (Toussaint et al, 2013).
