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Real-time tracking the above UF resistance metrics, as well as the rate of change of Δn with coagulant dose, enabled the controller to quantify the progression of both irreversible fouling and UF backwash effectiveness.
Modeling and experimental results in this study show that the effectiveness of fixed backwash cycles can decrease over time and reach a point at which the backwash effectiveness suddenly decreases.
The release of dissolved air on the permeate side of the membrane due to the pressure drop across the membrane was recognized as a major reason for reducing backwash effectiveness.
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To overcome the effects brought by released air and maintain backwashing effectiveness, a novel method was developed by adding a segment of gas filtration membrane at the end of the hollow fiber which had finally extended the effective backwashing length.
In order to maximize the net permeate volume, filtration flux, backwash duration and backwash strength were found to be the most important parameters, which must be carefully selected.
Various operating parameters such as filtration flux, feed concentration, backwash duration, backwash strength, and the aid of air scouring during backwash were investigated to optimize the filtration performance and energy consumption.
To obtain a better backwashing strategy, effects of released air on the effective backwashing length of dead-end hollow fiber membranes were investigated in this study.
The new configurations were intended to improve performance of the modules in terms of water flux and effectiveness of backwashing as well as to lower pressure drop in the membrane envelope.
Moreover, there are currently very few data from which the effectiveness of an osmotic-induced backwash may be deduced.
Moreover, by characterizing both forwards and backwashing behavior together, mathematical theory is available to develop strategies that increase the effectiveness of microfiltration in conjunction with backwashing used to regenerate the filter.
Osmotic backwash using caustic solution could effectively recover the FO membrane flux.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com