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The results were then verified using a backward stepwise regression model.
Variables identified as significantly influential on outcome by univariate analysis were entered into a backward stepwise regression model.
Variables with a P-value of 0.1 or less from each of the multi-adjusted models were then included in a final multiple linear backward stepwise regression model to identify which factors remained independently predictive of QoL score.
Variables with a significant association (P < .1) on univariate analyses were included in a backward, stepwise regression model and rejected at the P ≥ .05 level on the basis of likelihood ratio tests.
In a backward stepwise regression model including sex, age, overall tumor stage, and CTSE expression below the 25th percentile, only age (HR 1.04, 95%% CI 1.00 1.08; p = 0.04) and AJCC stage II (HR 4.93, 95%% CI 1.88 12.88; p = 0.001) were independent prognostic markers for decreased survival (Table 2).
A backward stepwise regression model was also developed in order to identify which diastolic function variables, as measured within the study, besides age and BMI, predicted DD grading in our patients' population, with conduit, as a potential predictor, forced into the model.
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CIM analysis was performed using forward-backward stepwise regression model 6 with a 10-cM window size.
Results from the logistic regression analyses are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the unadjusted (univariate) models, the fully adjusted model (step 1 in backward stepwise regression), and final model (4th and last step in backward stepwise regression) with p-values from the likelihood ratio test.
Multivariable models were built using backward stepwise regression from a model including all variables with p < 0.1 in univariate analysis and maintaining variables with p < 0.05 in the multivariate analysis.
The model was then reduced by backward stepwise regression to determine the model with the most variance explained using the fewest explanatory variables.
Forward, backward, and stepwise regression models were generated and compared.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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