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In this study, we implement backward removal on Algorithm 1 step 4 to extend the procedure with the capability to backward remove redundant weak classifiers.
Linear, interaction, and high-order nonlinear impacts are all identified via statistical tests and stepwise backward removal parameter screening.
To enhance both the speed of the learning convergence and robustness, our algorithm further introduces a backward removal approach.
For more details on including backward removal or even a floating searching capability into the boosting framework, please refer to [24].
Adjusted ORs based on multiple logistic regression with backward removal of covariates with p < 0.10.
Forward elimination, which employed a combination of the procedures used in the forward entry and backward removal methods, was adopted in the regression analysis.
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We used multiple regressions with stepwise backward selection (removal criteria: p>0.1), for swimming speed (data from passive telemetry) and distance from origin and log daily migratory distance (data from active telemetry) as dependent variables, and date, temperature and water velocity as independent variables.
For variable selection, we used backward stepwise removal of variables based on likelihood-ratio judgments.
and involved including all variables retained from stage one into a multivariable model and applying backward elimination (removal set at p > 0.05).
Main effects and two-way interactions were tested separately by stepwise backward term removal based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and likelihood ratio test to compare models and determine significant terms (Bolker et al., 2009).
We applied a backward stepwise removal procedure (Grafen & Hails, 2002) to avoid problems from including nonsignificant terms (Engqvist, 2005) and the removed variables were re-entered one by one to the final model to obtain relevant statistics.
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