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For neuropsychological screening, neuropsychological tests were selected for measuring short-term memory (Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward), processing speed (Digit Symbol), episodic memory (CERAD Delayed Recall), executive functions (Verbal Fluency), and reasoning (Raven's SPM, Figural Relations).
Bidirectional (B-LSTM) models are obtained by combining forward and backward processing of input data.
Since the BCJR algorithm requires forward and backward processing and each state emits two branches corresponding to the systematic input being 0 and 1, the computational complexity for the demapper having 16 labeling patterns both in the numerator and the denominator is equivalent to the decoding complexity of memory-3 convolutional code using the BCJR algorithm ( 3 = log 2 ( 8 ) = log 2 ( 16 2 ) ).
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NMDA receptors (NMDA-Rs) are ubiquitous in distribution, and clearly participate in forward, intrinsic and backward signal processing.
Our subjects held their ears backward ten times more when processing images of unfamiliar individuals than when processing stimuli from familiar individuals.
Spatial Span Backward is a measure of the storage and processing components of visual-spatial WM (i.e., visuo-spatial sketchpad + central executive components of WM) [ 21].
Digit Span Backward is a measure of the storage and processing components of verbal WM (i.e., phonological loop + central executive components of WM; see [ 20] for construct validity of DSB).
Behavioural and autonomic responses indicative of processing along the subcortical route have been recorded using backward masking paradigms.
Delays in processing the visual flash due to visual adaptation, however, would result in backward transitions (Figure 4A, third row)–an effect opposite to what was observed in the first experiment.
The company has already alluded to a number of features on-board, including backward compatibility and processing power that make it "the most powerful game console to date".
In a different study, Rauch et al. (2000) found abnormally increased amygdala activity in response to fearful facial expressions in post-traumatic stress disorder patients even when backward masking prevented cortical processing, possibly indicating altered subcortical processing in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
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