All questionnaires had dual translation (forward and backward); therefore, language barriers or misinterpretation was expected to be minimal.
To be sure, there are genuine pleasures in "It Ain't Over," particularly the two bright, original segments titled "Lirty Dies," in which Bill Strauss turns the language backward in frequently suggestive fashion as he runs through 20th- and 21st-century history, noting political scandals and other milestones, like the Great Depression, when "nobody had a pickle in his nocket".
The orchestration here is effective; in gentle passages of lamentation the music has a richly chromatic, though backward-looking, harmonic language and a certain ruminative beauty.
It is worth noting that the language is backward when it comes to overtime.
Executed by Hugh Paddick and Kenneth Williams, Julian and Sandy's quickfire Polari - that mixture of gypsy language, cockney backward slang, and thieves' cant - slotted right into the verbal surrealism that the Goons had made the hallmark of British comedy.
The English version of the CARIFS underwent 2 forward and 2 backward translations by native language speakers (medical and non-medical), bilingual in both English and Malay, as shown in Fig. 1.
A backward translation of the reconciled language version was produced in the source language (U.S. English) by a professional translator, native English speaker and bilingual in the Malay language [ 14, 15, 17].
Similarly, the questionnaire is backward translated into 4 languages and integrated in the general 1st phase cross-border population-based NESCAV survey questionnaire.
The response options were: never, rarely, sometimes, often and always, with never as 0 and always as 4. The 30-item questionnaire was translated and then backward translated into 6 languages including US English and Mexican Spanish.
A qualified professional translator (affiliated with a commercial translating service in Canada) performed a single backward translation into the original language, for each of the three target languages excluding UK English.
